For Lena Horne: Mother of Black Hollywood

Lena Mary Calhoun Horne

1917-2010

Lena Horne. The Mother of Black Hollywood

Groundbreaking actor, dancer, and vocal stylist Lena Horne made her transition at the age of 92. Lena Horne, with her smoldering voice, lithe dancer’s body, and flawless beauty, is the Mother of Black Hollywood: its glamour; its contradictions, its fighting spirit. Before Dorothy Dandridge, Lonnette McKee, Vanessa Williams, Halle Berry, or Paula Patton, there was Lena. If you are a woman of color in the business, and you elect to pursue a living performing on stage, using a microphone or appearing before a camera, you owe a debt of thanks to Lena Horne.

If Hattie McDaniel put Black female actors on the map with her Oscar win in 1939, Lena Horne took Black female actors around the world with her sultry, timeless performances in musicals like Stormy Weather and Cabin In The Sky.

She blazed a trail for actors of color upon signing her 7-year Hollywood contract with MGM in 1942, a deal that was unheard of for Black stars. The irony of this milestone is that as close to white as she may have looked, she was still enough of a threat to white audiences for her work to wind up on the cutting room floor of Southern edits of films in which she starred. She flatly refused to play a mammy or a maid. She also refused to be cast as a Latin siren.

Horne, a native of Bedford-Stuyvesant in Brooklyn, New York, was proud to be Black. She’d danced in The Cotton Club in Harlem as a teenager. She would later take a prominent role in the Civil Rights movement, advocating for equality of Black citizens and soldiers alike, the latter for whom she became an undisputed sex symbol as a frequent World War II USO performer–until she spoke out about mistreatment of Black servicemen.

She was not satisfied to serve as the sepia window dressing in movies that could be moved back at any time. She directed her attention to recording, the stage and live performance, the styles of entertaining she preferred.

She enjoyed successful long-term runs at clubs and hotels from the 1930s until the 1990s. Before Celine Dion had an arena built for her in Vegas, Lena Horne sold out the Waldorf-Astoria night after night. The live recording of that show remains among her signature LPs.